Borobudur Temple
Many theories attempt to explain the name of this temple. One of them states that the name is probably derived from the word Sambharabhudhara, which means “mountain” (bhudara) where the slopes are located terraces. In addition there are some other popular etymology. Suppose borobudur word comes from the word “the Buddha” is due to shift into borobudur sound. Another explanation is that the name comes from two words “coal” and “beduhur”. Said coal said to have originated from the monastery, while there is also another explanation in which the coal comes from Sanskrit which means temple or monastery complex and beduhur meaning is “high”, or to remind the Balinese language means “above”. So the intention is a monastery or hostel located in the high ground.
Historians J.G. de Casparis in his dissertation to obtain his doctorate in 1950 argued that Borobudur is a place of worship. Based on the inscriptions and Kahulunan Karangtengah, founder of the Borobudur Casparis estimate is mataram Sailendra dynasty king named Samaratungga, who did construction around the year 824 AD The giant new buildings can be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani. Development of Borobudur estimated half-century time-consuming. In Karangtengah inscription also mentioned about the granting of land sima (tax-free land) by Cri Kahulunan (Pramudawardhani) to maintain Kam?l?n called Bh?misambh?ra. [1] The term itself comes from Kam?l?n first word that means place of origin, the shrine to honor ancestors, probably the ancestors of the dynasty Sailendra. Casparis estimates that Bhumi Sambhara Bhudh?ra in Sanskrit which means “Hill of the set of ten levels boddhisattwa virtue”, is the original name of Borobudur.
Stages of development of Borobudur
- The first stage
Construction period is not known certainly Borobudur (estimated between 750 and 850 AD). Initially built-storey apartment layout. It seems designed as a pyramid berundak. but later changed. As evidence of stacking order dismantled. - The second phase
Borobudur foundation widened, plus two square steps and one step directly circle given a large parent stupas. - The third stage
Steps up the circle with a large main stupa dismantled and removed and replaced by three railroad circles. Stupas built on top of these steps with a large stupa in the middle. - The fourth stage
There are small changes like making relief changes and curved stairs above the door.
Relief
At every level carved reliefs on temple walls. These reliefs read as counter-clockwise or called mapradaksina in Old Javanese language derived from Sanskrit meaning is daksina east. These reliefs variety of story content, among other reliefs Jataka stories.
Reading of the stories are always the starting relief, and ends on the east side of the gate at every level, starting on the left and right ends of the gate. So obviously that the east is the ladder up the real (main) and to the top of the temple, it means that the temple facing the east while the other sides of similar right.
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